Primal Movement Patterns

Mastering Primal Movement Patterns for Enhanced Strength, Agility, and Functional Fitness


You’ll want to incorporate the primal movement patterns into your workouts when working out at the gym or at home.

Primal movement patterns is a concept developed by Paul Chek (founder of the CHEK Institute) and named Primal Pattern movement training.

Primal movement patterns are simply movements you would do daily, such as getting into your car, bending over to pick things up, putting something back into the cupboard, walking up the stairs or carrying your child.

If you want to get the most out of your body and regular exercise routines, train your whole body as a unit instead of training each muscle individually. Training the entire body is more efficient and athletic and will help you to keep functioning optimally throughout your lifetime.

There are seven primal movement patterns for optimal human functioning:

Squat

The squat is where you have both feet on the ground, forming your base of support. Then you bend at the hips and knees while keeping your chest up and maintaining a straight back. An example of a squat is getting in and out of a seated position. I use this example as a technique when coaching clients into a squat. 

The squat uses the leg and core muscles to keep you upright.

Squat exercises

  • Air squat
  • Goblet squat
  • Barbell back squat
  • Barbell front squat
  • Split squat
  • Jump squat
  • Pistol squat

Lunge

A lunge is a single leg movement that requires one leg to move forward or backward. In contrast, the other leg remains in a stationary position. For example, the lunge pattern is used when walking upstairs.

The lunge uses the leg and core muscles to keep you upright. It also challenges your balance and flexibility.

Lunge exercises

  • Forward lunge
  • Backward lunge
  • Side lunge
  • Bulgarian lunge 
  • Walking lunge (my personal favourite)
  • Step-ups

Pull

A pulling movement requires you to pull weight or resistance towards your body or pull your body towards an object vertically or horizontally. An example of a vertical pull is a pull-up, and a horizontal pull would be a row.

The pull movement uses your back and shoulder muscles and the biceps. 

Pull exercises

  • Pull-ups
  • Inverted row
  • Barbell row
  • Dumbbell row
  • Single-arm dumbbell row
  • Suspension trainer row (TRX or rings)

Push

A pushing movement is the opposite of a pulling motion. You are pushing a weight away from the body or moving your body away from an object. The pushing motion is made either vertically or horizontally. An example of a pushing movement is a dumbbell bench or overhead press and a push-up.

The push movement uses the chest and shoulder muscles and the triceps. 

Push exercises

  • Push-up and variations
  • Barbell bench press
  • Dumbbell chest press
  • Barbell shoulder press
  • Dumbbell shoulder press
  • Pike shoulder press
  • Dips

Bend

The bending movement is initiated by hinging from the hips with your torso moving forward. We use this move when picking things up off the ground. We naturally pick light things up with a rounded back posture. But heavier items, we utilise our hips, glutes and leg muscles while maintaining a straight back, minimising injury risk.

Bend exercises

  • Kettlebell or dumbbell deadlift
  • Barbell deadlift
  • Single leg deadlift
  • Kettlebell swing
  • Hip bridge
  • Hip thrusts

Twist

Our body moves in three different planes of motion: 

  • Sagittal plane - forward and backward movements
  • Frontal plane - side-to-side movements
  • Transverse plane - rotational or twisting movements

From my experience, most of the exercises that people do at the gym only involve the first two planes of motion. To make exercises more functional, you need to incorporate some rotation or twisting movements. These movements help to improve hip mobility and core strength.

There are also two types of twisting or rotational movements: rotation and anti-rotation. Rotation movements are twisting exercises such as a Russian twist. An anti-rotation movement is when your body is aligned, but there is a resistance attempting to pull your body out of position.

Twist exercises

  • Russian twist (rotation)
  • Resistance band or cable wood chop (rotation)
  • Palloff press (anti-rotation)
  • Medicine ball throws (rotation)
  • Dumbbell rotational punches (rotation)
  • Plank with shoulder tap (anti-rotation)

Gait

Walking, running or sprinting is called a gait. They are all movements to propel the body forward. If you incorporate all of the other six primal movements in your training and workouts, you will enjoy doing a gait and other dynamic movements with a lot more ease and less injury risk.

Gait exercises

  • Walking
  • Running
  • Sprinting
  • Jumping
  • Skipping
  • Cycling

Create your own workout using the primal movement patterns

Want to create a functional workout routine that trains the body as a unit?

Want a workout routine that is time-efficient, effective and will get you results in no time?

Ok, let’s get started. Just follow the steps below to create your own workout routine. I have also included an example workout routine for you to see and follow below.

  • Choose one exercise from each of the following primal movement patterns listed above, or choose your own by searching the internet for similar exercise patterns.
  • Choose a gait exercise as a warm-up and a finisher with a bit more intensity at the end.
  • Do the most difficult, energy-sapping exercises first, such as leg exercises or pull-ups.
  • If you’re new or just starting, ease into it and do each exercise once through for a total of 10 repetitions.
  • Then, advance your routine as you get stronger and fitter by adding multiple sets of 10 repetitions - for example, three sets of 10 repetitions.
  • Rest in between sets and exercises as needed.

Example workout routine

Warm-up

5 to 10 minutes of walking

1 minute of star jumps

Workout

Goblet squat - 3 sets x 10 repetitions (reps)

Walking lunge - 3 x 10 steps each leg

Pull-ups or inverted row - 3 x 10

Push-ups - 3 x 10

Kettlebell or dumbbell deadlift - 3 x 10

Russian twist - 3 x 10

Skip rope - 3 x 30 seconds